四. 水资源、环境、工程勘察及工程质量鹄
（负责人：程业勋 钟世航 钱玉好）
Geophysical Technology and Methods in
Hydrologic,
Environmental, Engineering Investigation
and Engineering Quality Monitoring
(Conveners: CHENG Yexun ZHONG Shihang QIAN Yuhao)
1. AN APPLICATION & STUDY OF HIGH DENSITY MEASUREMENT METHOD OF RESISTIVITY TO DETECTING THE ANT HOLE IN DIKE-DAM
Zhang Guohong Cheng Naifu et. al .
(Anhui Academy of Geophysical and Geochemical Prospecting ,Hefei 230022 , China )
Through the actual application and experiment
of the ant hole model with different electrode arrays, when the ant hole in
earth-filled dam is detected by means of the high density measurement method of
resistivity, the three-electrode configuration should be taken and it is better
that the electrode spacing is between a half and one meter . When the earth dam
is homogeneous, it is clear that the anomaly of apparent resistivity space
section is obtained by using the three-electrode sounding. It is to be noted
that the feature, such as anomaly peak, shape and depth and so on , is
distributed at distinguishing the anomaly of the ant hole . Under the condition
of that the dike-dam is made of earth and stone, it is difficult that the
anomaly of the ant hole is distinguished in pseudo section of resistivity.
Under these circumstances, the data of pseudo section of resistivity should be
processed, for example, filter and difference.
2. 提高隧道折射波法探测精度的方法
方根显
（华东地质学院 江西省 临川市 344000）
The method of Improve refraction explore
precision In tunnel-engineering exploration
Fang Genxian
(East China Geology Institute Linchuan 344000)
[Abstract]
The tunnel-engineering exploration are process in a mountainous region always . As landform of mountainous region is welter, the inversion precision is lower . For improve the inversion precision of the refraction explore, our need to improve fieldwork technique . need to improve indoor data processing means too. The thesis introduced the content.
3. The Application of Logging Methods in
a Nuclear Power Plant
Engineering Geological Investigation
Pan Xianjun Cao Junxing
Department of Information Engineering and Applied Geophysics, Chengdu University of Technology，Chengdu, 610059
Abstract: In the engineering geological investigation of a nuclear power plant stage 1 project, we have exploited acoustic velocity logging, apparent resistivity logging and across-borehole electromagnetic methods（CT）in order to find out the distribution of the joints and fissures of the bedrock and the range of weak intercalation in bedrock . Testing shows that acoustic velocity logging is sensitive to detecting fissure and fracture zone. Apparent resistivity logging is fit to detect the weak intercalations such as deeper weathering layer and chlorite schist. Electromagnetic CT shows the variation of the absorption coefficient accounts for the structure status of the bedrock such as fissure, fracture and weathering strength. It also shows the results of the logging methods accord with the drilling data. We obtained the purpose as we had expected, and achieved good geological effect.
Key
words: Logging Methods; Engineering Geological
Investigation
4. 一种计算层状介质瑞利面波频散函数的新方法
凡友华1 肖柏勋2 刘家琦1
（1. 哈尔滨工业大学航天工程与力学系 哈尔滨 150001）
（2. 长江工程地球物理勘测研究院 武汉 430010）
Y. H. Fan 1 B. X. Xiao 2 J. Q. Liu1
（1． Department of Astronaut Engineering and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin. 150001）
（2． Institute of Changjiang Engineering Geophysical Prospecting , Wuhan 430010）
Abstract
In this paper we present the general solutions of displacement and stress field of axis-symmetrical cylindrical Rayleigh wave in cylindrical coordinate use multilayered homogeneous isotropic elastic model. A new displacement-stress vector and potential vector is defined and the transmitting matrix of displacement-stress vector in each layer is deduced. Considering the continuity of displacement and stress at the interfaces, the free surface condition and the infinite radiation condition, we deduce the dispersion function of axis-symmetrical cylindrical Rayleigh wave in multilayered media. We get good results from the numerical computation. This method could have some theoretical effect to the application of Rayleigh wave in the Engineering.
5. Research on Multilayered Aquifer System Groundwater
Exploitation--Land Subsidence
--- SuZhou as a example
Pei shunping (Institute of Geophysics, China Seismology Bureau, Beijing,100081)
Chen chongxi (Institute of Environmental Geology, China University of Geoscinces,
Wuhan,430074)
Abstract: In
this paper a three-dimension model of Multilayered Aquifer System groundwater
exploitation ––– land subsidence is created to deal with the practical problem
of groundwater flow and land subsidence in Suzhou, China. In the model,
consolidation of soil is well coupled with groundwater flow by unifying
compression coefficient and storage coefficient, and the nonlinear
consolidation problem is considered by variation of permeability and storage
coefficient with porosity. A new method, permeability resistance coefficient
method is adopted to deal with artificial boundary. The model is resolved by
finite difference method with random polygon grids. It forecasts the variation
of water head and land subsidence in future 10 years. In our research we find
that distribution of exploitation is a most important factor to affect
groundwater flow and land subsidence. According to the result, we bring out
three effective suggestions to decrease water head loss and retard land
subsidence. One is adjusting exploitation in funnel center region and periphery
region, the second is adopting connected well to let water in shallow layers
flow into deep layers, and the third is pumping water just in shallow layers.
Keyword: groundwater, land subsidence, numerical simulation, finite difference, nonlinear consolidation, coupling
6. The Application of GPR
to Karst detection
Mo Han Deng Juzhi
(East China Geological
institute, LinChuan, 344000)
Abstract: Ground penetrating radar is an important method in engineering exploration. From analysis the image signature of GPR, people can find out the distribution of different electrical medium underground. While collecting GPR data in the field, we must choose appropriate parameters according to the working tasks and working objects. A role of GPR played in karst exploration on the WuHu—XianCheng expressway is introduced in this paper. We successfully outlined the positions of karsts in that region. And the results of GPR are very similar with drilling results. So the GPR data provided enough basis to handle that region.
7. The Application of Synthetically Electrical Prospect in
Puzhou New River Tax Station's Subduction Force Pool
Deng JuZhi Mo Han
(East China Geological
institute, LinChuan, 344000)
Abstract: During the process of constructing, many situation of segregation and gapping of cast-in-place piles were found in the middle and right of the subduction force pool. In order to find out the reasons that cause those phenomena. We adopted synthetical electrical prospect. As a result, we outlined the position of sands in that region by high-density resistivity method. And we also ascertained the seepage direction of ground water by using self-potential method. The results explained the segregation and gapping of those cast-in-place piles. At last we gave our advisement to deal with those piles.
8.世界地热研究与开发的现状
张季生 吴功建
中国地质科学院地质研究所 北京 100037
The status of geothermal research and development around the world
Zhang Jisheng and Wu Gongjian
Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Geology Institute
Abstract
The writers collected the papers on geothermal research and development of 1990s, particularly the papers from the World Geothermal Congress in Florence in 1995 and the international conference on Structured Academic Review of HDR/HWR Engineered Geothermal system in Japan in 1997. In this paper the writers discussed the status of electricity generation using geothermal energy and direct use of geothermal energy around the world, the application of the ground water heat pumps, the research on HDR/HWR(Hot Dry Rock/Hot Wet Rock) projects, the environment affected by the geothermal development, and how to use geothermal resources reasonably. Geothermal energy is regarded a clean and renewable alternative resource. Geothermal energy, with its proven technology and abundant resources, can make a very significant contribution toward reducing emissions of greenhouse gases worldwide. In the future it may be a kind of substitutes for convention energy such as coal and oil. The authors hope that this paper will help us to know the status of geothermal research and development around the world and to develop geothermal resource in China effectively.
请转交第四专题:水资源、环境、工程勘探及工程检测
9. 井间地震走时层析成像多尺度逼近遗传进化反演方法
裴正林 余钦范
（中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所（保定分部） 071051） （中国地质大学 北京 100083）
Crosshole Seismic Traveltime Tomographic Method by
Multiscale Evolutionary Programming Algorithm
Pei
Zhenglin
Yu Qinfan
（Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology，CAGS，Baoding，071051） （China University of Geosciences，Beijing，100083）无英摘
10. The ice core records show the tendency of global
change
1) Polar Research Institute of
China, Shanghai 200129, China
2) Laboratoire des Sciences du
Climat et de l’Environnement, L’Orme des Merisiers, Bat. 709 CEA Saclay, 91191-Gif-sur-Yvette
Cedex, France.
3) Laboratoire de Glaciologie et
Geophysique de l’Environnement, CNRS, 54,rue Molière, B.P.96 38402
Saint-Martin-d'Hères cedex,France
The deuterium of Vostok 5G ice core (2695-2800m) is analyzed, the age lasts from 231.4–248.8 kyr BP belongs to “7.5 stage” of deep sea d18O stages, depending on extended glaciological timescale (EGT) model. The resolution is around 10~15years. From the data, it can be got:
1. At beginning of this interglacial, there is a cold reversal term, in which the dD decreases 10 ‰.
2. In the ascending duration of the temperature, there is a steeper increasing, the gradient is 14.23 (‰ dD) / kyr, correspond to 2.5℃/kyr warming.
3. There is a jumping degradation of the temperature at the start of descending duration of the temperature, the dD decrease 10 ‰ in about 10-40 years, and the dD changes 28 ‰ in time on 100-150 years.
4. In the descending duration of the temperature, there is slower decreasing, the gradient is 4.58 (‰ dD) / kyr, correspond to 0.8℃/kyr temperature descension, it is 1/3 of the ascending gradient, but with saw type in which the dD fluctuates 4-7 ‰.
5. At some turning points, the differences of neighbor data of dD are bigger than others it hints that the temperature fluctuations at these points are more violent; the temperature change for decadal time scale is larger. It can be supposed, that a short term (decimal years) of abnormal highest (or lowest) temperature will be followed by a short term of abnormal lowest (or highest) temperature, this may be a paleo-reference used to the long forecast of weather.
The extent of dD fluctuation in this interglacial is -420— -480 ‰, similar with the last interglacial.
Compared with “G stage” (corresponding 5.5 stage of deep sea d18O stages) in the last interglacial (Jouzel et al 1987), it is in the similar way of the fluctuating process of dD in the two interglacials.
Liu jiangping Zhang youming Yang yongqing
(China University of Geosciences，Wuhan 430074)
Abstract: The Rayleigh surface wave method is the technique of using frequency dispersion’s character and the pertinence of the spreading velocity and the dust’s physics mechanics property. It possesses high resolving power and is not influenced by the stratum velocity. Through the detection of the compressing burliness extent、 the counteractive pressure intensity and the equality on autoroute. The method acquires favorable detection effect and finds the scope of asymmetric area and distributing rule. Compared with manpower sampling and laboratory analytical result, we can find that the relative error of both the compressing burliness extent and the counteractive pressure intensity don’t exceed two percent.
12. THE SYNTHETIC SHALLOW
LAYER SEISMIC TECHNOLOGY
IN THE QUALITY DETECTION OF
THE LEAKAGE-PROOFING WALL
Liu jiangping Yang Yongqing Zhang youming
(China University of Geosciences，Wuhan 430074)
ABSTRACT: In order to assure embankment’s safety, our country have put a lot of people and money into the aspect. In recent years, the method of the leakage-proofing wall have been adopted. This kind of wall have two characters of the vertical and regular two dimension object and the small thickness. The applications of the integration of shallow seismic reflection method and Rayleigh surface wave method in the field example of the quality detection of the leakage-proofing wall show that the comprehensive applications of the both methods could not only detect effectively the continuity of the leakage-proofing wall and the burial depth of top board and bottom board, but also get the thickness of the wall relatively accurate. It provides a kind of effective detection method for nondestructive flaw detection.
Zhang Zhao
(Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054)
Huang Chaoke
(Guangdong Institute of Hydroelectric Survey and Design, Guangzhou 510170)
Abstract: This paper presents the application result of comprehensive geophysical method in the groundwater exploration in karst region of Weibei and discusses the feasibility and effectiveness of the method. On the basis of systematic analysis, this paper gives the optimum combination of different geophysical methods in the ground water exploration in karst region.
Keywords: groundwater in karst region, geophysical exploration method, optimum combination
(Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054)
Wang Zanwen and Peng Xiaogang
(Shaanxi Institute of Highway Survey and Design, Xi’an 710068)
Abstract: Taking the engineering site of a bridge Xi’an-Huxian highway as an example, this paper describes the site working technique, data processing and application result of Rayleigh wave exploration. Its feasibility and effectiveness in the investigation of highway bridge foundation are also discussed.
Keywords: Rayleigh wave method, highway bridge foundation investigation, feasibility
15. The synthetic application of ground-penetrating radar and Rayleigh
velocity in detecting groundsill
Zhaohui Meng、Daojing Duan 、Xuguang Lin and Xiaojian Ying
The thickness of groundsill processed and geological dividing layers
can be detected by synthetic using reflection section of ground-penetrating
radar and the dispersion curves of seismic wave. The mechanics parameters such
as bearing the weight can be
calculated by Rayleigh velocity.
Moreover, the synthetic justification of the processing effect to groundsill
can be made. The instance of this paper shows that this technology can not only
overcome the abuse in the detection of borehole, but also roundly detect the
quality of engineering of groundsill.
The error of extracting the radar velocity can be decreased by Rayleigh velocity and the interpretation
precision of depth profile can be raised.
16. 探地雷达在工程施工质量监测与工程设施现状检测中的应用
邓世坤
（武汉，中国地质大学地球物理系，430074）
Application of ground penetrating radar to the
supervision of engineering quality and the investigation of present status of
engineering facilities
Deng Shikun
(Dept.
of geophysics, China University of geosciences, Wuhan, 430074)
ABSTRACT:
In this paper, the application of GPR was introduced to the supervision of engineering quality and the investigation of present status of engineering facilities through four examples, and the principles of selecting survey parameters and the effect of GPR method were introduced mainly. The first example introduced the application of GPR in the quality supervision of soft soil improvement at Shenzhenwan. The second one presented the model test results of quality supervision of concrete pouring at Three Gorge dam construction site. The third and the fourth one introduced the application of GPR in the investigation of the present status of two different gates, one of them, a floodgate, located at Sujiapu, Inner Mongol; the other one, a water gate, located at Jiulong river, Xiamen. At Sujiapu floodgate, GPR survey was carried out on the riverbed to investigate the present status of the floodgate foundation, which was made up of reinforced concrete. Between the surface of the riverbed and the foundation of the floodgate was a stratum of silt with the thickness of 1.8~3.9 m and saturated with water. At Jiulong river water gate, GPR survey was carried out on the gate base, which was made up of concrete with the thickness of 1.3 m, and the objective of survey was to determine if there were washed caves under the concrete-base. The four examples mentioned above showed that GPR application was successful.
17. 我国南方岩溶石山地区地下水勘探新方法新技术
万 乐 罗延钟
中国地质大学，地球物理系，湖北，武汉，430074
New Method and New Technique for Groundwater Surveying
in the Karst and Tor Region in Southern Part of China
(China University of Geosciences, Hubei, Wuhan, 430074)
Abstract
The problem of lacking water resource becomes a cosmopolitan problem. The water resource problem is especially severity in the karst and tor area of the southward of China, because of its special geology and zoology configuration.
The particular geology-physiognomy characteristic in the karst and tor area causes that the traditional geophysical exploration methods meet much difficulty in the practice.
(1).One of geology physiognomy character in the karst and tor area in southward of China is that the hypsography of ground is unevenness. It causes the groovy DC electrical exploration methods difficulty to work. In allusion to discommodiousness of the general electrical methods fieldwork, the electromagnetic sounding technique is developed which base on the observation of the Cagniard resistivity.
GEOMETRICS and EMI produce a geophysical instrument that named EH-4. It has the light transmit source and is convenience used in the field. It request that the distance of measure position to the transmit source larger than three times of penetrable depth so that the measure result could interpret as plane electromagnetic wave which is simpler. Due to the special terrain condition, sometimes it could not fit the demand. It makes the “near field” problem that the observational result is been distortion and the data could not exactitude reflecting the reality thing underground.
We developed that directly to use the dipole field to interpret the data that obtain by EH-4 system. It avoids the falseness that causes by interpret as the plane electromagnetic wave and the data is distorted by the “near field”. The forward calculation shows the necessary to use the dipole filed to calculate the apparent parameter. The inversion program can good fit the measure result of the EH-4 system.
(2). The other character of the karst in southward of China is that the scale usually big, It forms complex system that the cavity, conduit canal is multi-arrangement, different depth and be joined each other. It makes general electrical methods difficult to orientation the underground karst. For solve the problem, we make use of the high distinguish of the high-density electrical exploration method to reflect the underground structure. China University of Geosciences has developed a High-Density Electrical exploration instrument. we developed a rapid, simple and convenient used high-density electrical method imaging software, so it can exert one's strong suit. It makes the method from fieldwork, data acquirement, data interpretation, to the result output a coordinated process, and makes the method more simple and convenient to use.
(3). There is usually different character material filling in the karst cave. To distinguish the filling substance, water or soil and sand, which in the karst cave that has found by electrical method, is another difficult problem. Presently, a directly detect groundwater method – Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) has developed and the instrument is made. China University of Geoscience has imported the NMR instrument that named NUMIS at the bottom of 1997. We have used the instrument to explore groundwater successfully in the karst area.
18．探地雷达在新疆轮胎县迪那河拉依苏水库工程地质勘测中的初步应用
（新疆水利水电勘测设计研究院地址勘察研究所物探研究室：王明）
The Preliminary Application of Earth-testing Radar in Xinjiang Luntan Dina River Yisula Reserior Engineering Geological Investigating.
WANG Ming
The Geologic Investigation Division of
Xinjiang Water Conservancy and Hydropower Investigation and Design instiute
This paper intruduces a entire new geophysical method which contracts electrometric method with earth-testing radar by a application case in the engineering geological investigation of Xinjiang Luntai Dina River Layisu Reservoir. The earth-testing radar must have the principle of strata electrical property such as ρ1<ρ2<ρ3.In its investigating deepth range of 100MHz anterna central freqency,contrasting with the electrometric method, the result is close ,the stratification is more accurate, the strata photo boundary is more clear,and even it can investgate extra deepth.This two geophysical property methods have internal and indivisible relations to various rocky electric mediums.
Keys: earth-testing radar,investigating line,RD radar section,DS electrometric section,approximaty or similarity,diffence,visible resistense rate Ps.